SMALL MAMMAL HEALTH SERIES By Susan Brown, DVM

Rabbit mothers nurse their babies for approximately 5 minutes a day. They will be in the nest or nest box early in the morning and then again in the evening. The milk is very rich and the babies 'fill up' to capacity within minutes. Mother rabbits do not 'sit' on the babies to keep them warm as do some mammals and birds. They build a nest with fur and grasses, which helps to keep the babies warm in between feedings. Do not force a mother rabbit to sit in the nest box. You can pick up the babies and see if they are feeding by checking the size of their stomachs (should not be sunken in), the pinkness of their skin and activity level (they should not be blue in color or sluggish in movement) and the amount of time that you hear them crying (baby bunnies should be quiet most of the day. If they are crying constantly then they are not getting fed). If you come across a nest of bunnies in the wild and the mother is nowhere to be seen, please DO NOT disturb them...this is normal. By removing them from the nest you are greatly reducing their chances of survival.

In the rare situation that you have an orphaned bunny, such as when a wild bunny's mom is killed, or when a domestic rabbit refuses to care for her young, you may try feeding with Kitten Milk Replacer (KMR). Remember to feed ONLY TWICE A DAY. Overfeeding is a leading cause of death in these youngsters which results in fatal intestinal disease. Provide a soft nest area in a box with clean towels, and cover the babies so it is dark. Do not provide extra heat if the room temperature is at least 65 to 70o F because excessive heat can be fatal. If the room is cooler, then you may place a heating pad on a low setting under no more than HALF of the nest so the bunny can move to a cooler area if it gets too warm. If this is a wild rabbit, handle it ONLY when during feedings as excessive handling can be extremely stressful and potentially fatal.

You can use KMR (Kitten Milk Replacer) available at most pet stores for the hand feeding formula. You can use regular goat's milk.

The following is a guideline for the daily amount to feed a wild bunny or a domestic bunny that will be approximately 5 lbs as an adult. You can increase the amounts as needed for larger breeds. Take the DAILY amount listed and divide it into two feedings.

For wild orphans, first check with your humane society and these contacts below to find a rehabber as they really need a professional: http://www.tc.umn.edu/~devo0028/contact.htm (Wildlife Contacts)

Newborn to One week: 2 - 2+1/2 cc/ml each feeding (two feedings).

1-2 weeks: 5-7 cc/ml each feeding (two feedings) (depending on bunny, may be much LESS if smaller rabbit).

2-3 weeks: 7-13 cc/ml each feeding (two feedings). Domestic eyes open at about 10 days of age. Start introducing them to timothy and oat hay, pellets and water (always provide greens for wild ones)

3-6 weeks: 13-15 cc/ml each feeding (two feedings--again, may be LESS depending on size of rabbit! A cottontail will take so much LESS.) Domestics are weaned about 6 weeks. Cottontails wean and release about 4 weeks and jackrabbits much later (9+ weeks).

If you have a healthy adult rabbit at home and you can collect cecotropes (the soft brown droppings that the rabbit usually eats) then these can be mixed with the KMR to give the baby bunny normal bacteria for its intestinal tract. Only one cecotrope per day for 4-5 days is needed. This is particularly important for rabbits under one week of age.

After each feeding it is important to make the bunny defecate and urinate to keep the intestinal tract and urinary system running smoothly. This is not needed for jackrabbits or bunnies with their eyes open. Use a cotton ball moistened with warm water and gently stroke the anal area until the bunny starts producing stool and urine and keep stroking until the bunny stops. You are reproducing the behavior of the mother rabbit who would lick her young to stimulate them to go to the bathroom and to keep the nest clean.

As soon their eyes are open, you may introduce the bunnies to hay, such as alfalfa, timothy and grass hay, oat hay, and dark leafy veggies such as dandelion greens, flat-leaf parsley, carrot tops, romaine, collards, chard, etc. If this is a wild rabbit, you do not need to introduce them to pellets. If this is a domestic rabbit baby, then you may introduce them to pellets at 2 weeks of age (please refer to the handout Care of Rabbits for more information on diet). Wild rabbits (cottontails) should be released as soon as they are eating hay and greens and are approximately 5 inches in body length. They will be small, but the longer you keep them, the more agitated and difficult to handle they will become and the less likely their chances for survival in the wild. Jackrabbits are released much later. Please try and find a wildlife center first as wild bunnies need a professional for their survival.

revised 7/10/01

Date Published: 3/8/2001